Internet Info 1993/Internet Info CD-ROM (Walnut Creek) (1993).iso/standards/sgml/bibliography

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From: [e-mail] (Robin Cover)
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Subject: SGML Orientation
Date: Sat, 14 Jul 90 12:13:32 CDT
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I think this is too long to be posted to comp.text (14K), but you are
welcome to send it along to SGML-inquirers if it will help get them
off your back.  I can't promise that I will send it to everyone who
asks the innocent question "what is SGML?" on this forum, though I
might try for a while.  It would be better it this could be placed in
some ftp-able place where it could be snarfed by anyone interested
enough to bother.  But -- not all have ftp.  Suggestions welcome.
I could write a full "SGML - Frequently asked questions," but I am
not up to it right now.


robin

============

    Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML): A Brief Bibliography

     Since the SGML Standard (ISO 8879) is long and highly technical,
reading in secondary sources about SGML is recommended as a beginning. The
following resources constitute an essential reading list and beginning
SGML library.  The three articles by Coombs/Renear/DeRose, Barron and
DeRose/Durand/Mylonas/Renear provide excellent overviews of SGML: what
SGML is and why SGML is an important formalization for descriptive markup.
Eric van Herwijnen's book <cit>Practical SGML</> supplies a graded
introduction to using the Standard.  Martin Bryan's <cit>SGML: An Author's
Guide...</> is a detailed and highly useful manual, to be supplemented by
the thorough commentary in Charles Goldfarb's (forthcoming, 90/07/14)
<cit>SGML Handbook</>.  Joan Smith has written extensively on SGML, and
her <cit>SGML: User's Guide...</> provides a much-needed index for the ISO
Standard.  Three serial publications dedicated to SGML are also listed
with contact points: GCA's <cit> <TAG> The SGML Newsletter</>; <cit>SGML
Users' Group Newsletter</> and <cit>SGML Users' Group Bulletin</>.  The
Text Encoding Initiative's <cit>Guidelines for the Encoding and
Interchange...</> (eds. Michael Sperberg McQueen/Lou Burnard) and the
EPSIG/AAP <cit>Standard for Electronic Manuscript...</> are illustrations
of two kinds of SGML implementations.  The article of Jos Warmer/Sylvia
van Egmond is a more technical treatment showing how SGML-structured
documents are parsed in conjunction with their associated document-type
definitions (DTD's).  From these documents, it will be clear that SGML is
not a tagset, nor a formatting language, but a metalanguage for describing
declarative/descriptive markup languages (see also the abstract to
Coombs/Renear/DeRose, printed below).

     A much more extensive bibliography on SGML and Structured Documents
(over 100 pages) has been printed as a technical report by Queen's
University, Kingston, Ontario.  This database also contains sections on
SGML supporting agencies, institutions and SGML software vendors. Contact
Robin Cover (Internet: [e-mail]) or Nick Duncan (Internet:
[e-mail]) for availability of the bibliography in printed
and electronic (SGML) format; the electronic version will be placed on a
public file server, but probably not until August/September 1990.  New
bibliographic references and other SGML information for this database are
welcome: please send citations (published or unpublished materials:
technical reports, working papers, internal memoranda, articles, product
announcements, product reviews) to Robin Cover via electronic or postal
mail at the addresses given following this bibliography.

                    ===========================

Barron, David.  "Why Use SGML?"  <cit>Electronic Publishing 2/1
    (April 1989) 3-24. [CODEN: EPODEU; ISSN 0894-3982]  [Abstract: The
    Standard Generalised Markup Language (SGML) is a recently-adopted
    International Standard (ISO 8879).  The paper presents some
    background material on markup systems, gives a brief account of
    SGML, and attempts to clarify the precise nature and purpose of
    SGML, which are widely misunderstood.  It then goes on to explore
    the reasons why SGML should (or should not) be used in preference
    to older-established systems.  A summary of the article is also
    printed in "Why Use SGML," <cit>SGML Users' Group Newsletter</>
    13 (August 1989) 10.]

Bryan, Martin.  <cit>SGML. An Author's Guide to the Standard
    Generalized Markup Language</>.  Wokingham/Reading/New York:
    Addison-Wesley, 1988. [ISBN 0-201-17535-5 (pbk); LC CALL NO.:
    QA76.73.S44 B79 1988.  380 pages.  A highly useful manual
    explaining and illustrating features of ISO 8879].

Coombs, James; Renear, Allen; DeRose, Steven . "Markup Systems and
    the Future of Scholarly Text Processing." <cit>CACM</> 30/11
    (1987) 933-947.  [ISSN: 0001-0782;  cf. <cit>CACM</> 31/7 (July
    1988) 810-11)] [Abstract: The authors argue that many word
    processing systems distract authors from their tasks of research
    and composition, toward concern with typographic and other tasks.
    Emphasis on "WYSIWYG", while helpful for display, has ignored a
    more fundamental concern: representing document structure.  Four
    main types of markup are analyzed: Punctuational (spaces,
    punctuation,...), presentational (layout, font choice,...),
    procedural (formatting commands), and descriptive (mnemonic labels
    for document elements).  Only some ancient manuscripts have
    <emph>no</> markup.  Any form of markup can be formatted for
    display, but descriptive markup is privileged because it reflects
    the underlying structure.  ISO SGML is a descriptive markup
    standard, but most benefits are available even before a standard
    is widely accepted.  A descriptively marked-up document is not
    tied to formatting or printing capabilities.  It is maintainable,
    for the typographic realization of any type of element can be
    changed in a single operation, with guaranteed consistency.  It
    can be understood even with <emph>no</> markup formatting
    software: compare "<blockquote>" to ".sk 3 a; .in +10 -10; .ls 0;
    .cp 2".  It is relatively portable across views, applications and
    systems.  Descriptive markup also minimizes cognitive demands: the
    author need only recall (or recognize in a menu) a mnemonic for
    the desired element, rather than also deciding how it is currently
    to appear, and recalling how to obtain that appearance.  Most of
    this extra work is thrown away before final copy; descriptive
    markup allows authors to focus on authorship. (abstract supplied
    by Steve DeRose)]

Cover, Robin; Duncan, Nicholas; Barnard, David.  "A Bibliography
    on Structured Text."  Technical Report, 1990.  This is the
    preliminary print version of a bibliographic and information
    database (compiled by Robin Cover), structured in SGML-database
    and formatted with SGML ->> BibTeX utilities developed at Queen's
    University by Nick Duncan and David Barnard.  Contact: Department
    of Computing and Information Science; Queen's University;
    Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6; Tel: [phone].

DeRose, Steven J.; Durand, David G.; Mylonas, Elli; Renear, Allen
    H.  "What is Text, Really?"  <cit>Journal of Computing in Higher
    Education</> 1/2 (Winter 1990) 3-26.  [ISSN: 1042-1726.  Abstract:
    "The way in which text is represented on a computer affects the
    kinds of uses to which it can be put by its creator and by
    subsequent users.  The electronic document model currently in use
    is impoverished and restrictive.  The authors agree that text is
    best represented as an ordered hierarchy of content object[s]
    (OHCO), because that is what text really is.  This model conforms
    with emerging standards such as SGML and contains within it
    advantages for the writer, publisher, and researcher.  The authors
    then describe how the hierarchical model can allow future use and
    reuse of the document as a database, hypertext or network."]

Goldfarb, Charles F.  <cit>The SGML Handbook</>. Oxford: Oxford
    University Press. June/July, 1990. [ISBN: 0198537379. Announced as
    a "monumental 560-page work" by IBM Senior Systems Analyst and
    acknowledged "father of SGML."  The book constitutes an annotated,
    cross-referenced and indexed copy of the ISO 8879 Standard and
    Amendment 1, with annotations, tutorials and reference material.
    See "News. New Goldfarb Book About SGML," <cit>EPSIG News</> 3/1
    (March 1990) 4 and further details in (GCA's) <cit>TECHInfo</>
    (July 1990) 1.]

<cit>Guidelines for the Encoding and Interchange of Machine
    Readable Texts</>, eds. C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen and Lou
    Burnard.  TEI-P1, Version 1.0 [ca 300 pages, ca July/August 1990.]
    This volume represents the results of work in Phase I of the
    International Text Encoding Initiative, sponsored by ACH/ACL/ALLC
    and several advisory associations.  The publication describes and
    illustrates mechanisms (some experimental) for SGML markup of many
    kinds of documents, especially for humanities fields (literary and
    linguistic study).  Contact the editors: in the US,
    Michael Sperberg-McQueen; BITNET: U35395@UICVM; Computer Center
    (M/C 135); University of Illinois at Chicago; Box 6998; Chicago,
    IL  60680; Tel: [phone]; in the UK, Lou Burnard; JANET:
    <[e-mail]>; Oxford University Computing Service; 13
    Banbury Road; Oxford OX2 6NN; Tel: [phone].

Herwijnen, Eric van.  <cit>Practical SGML</>.  [Dordrecht/Hingham,
    MA: Wolters Kluwer Academic Publishers. 200 pages. ISBN: 0-7923
    0635-X. The book is designed as a "practical SGML survival-kit for
    SGML users (especially authors) rather than developers," and
    itself constitutes an experiment in SGML publishing."]

<cit>ISO 8879: Information Processing -- Text and Office Systems
    -- Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)</>.  International
    Organization for Standardization.  Ref. No. ISO 8879-1986 (E).
    Geneva/New York, 1986.  [A one-page tech note on the ISO (as a
    FIPS document, FIPS-PUB-152) provides the following abstract (see
    "Publishing Standard Allows for the Transfer of Documents from
    Author to Publisher" [NTIS Tech Note, 081914000; National Bureau
    of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD; May 1989].)  Abstract: This
    citation summarizes a one-page announcement of technology
    available for utilization.  A Federal Information Processing
    Standard (FIPS) recently approved by the Secretary of Commerce
    should help federal agencies improve their communications with
    publishing organizations.  (FIPS are developed by NIST for use by
    the federal government.)  The new standard, called Standard
    Generalized Markup Language (SGML), provides a common way for
    defining markup languages so documents can be transferred from
    author to publisher in a standardized format.  By providing a
    coherent and unambiguous syntax for describing the elements within
    a document, SGML makes it easier to move unformatted textual data
    among different installations and processing systems.  Developed
    by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and
    the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) with assistance
    from NIST, the SGML standard is already being used by the
    Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) program of
    the Department of Defense to develop a military specification.
    NIST is providing technical support for the CALS program.  In
    addition, NIST has developed the first set of conformance tests
    for SGML; ISO and ANSI are considering using these tests for their
    own test suites.  For possible addenda and changes to 8879, see
    "Recomendations for a Possible Revision of ISO 8879. ISO/IEC
    JTC1/SC18/WG8 N931 [Part I],"  <cit><TAG></> 12 (December 1989)
    6-8 and "Recomendations for a Possible Revision of ISO 8879. Part
    II. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC18/WG8 N931,"  <cit><TAG></> 13 (February 1990)
    12-15.]

<cit><TAG>: The SGML Newsletter</>  This dedicated SGML
    publication is one of several forms of support given to SGML by
    the Graphic Communications Association; GCA sponsors other
    publications, SGML seminars, workshops and SGML events.  Contact:
    Graphic Communications Association; 1730 North Lynn Street,
    Suite 604; Arlington, VA  22209-2085; Tel: [phone]; Telex:
    510-600-0889; Fax: [phone].

<cit>SGML Users' Group Newsletter</> and <cit>SGML Users' Group
    Bulletin</>.  Both are serial publications sponsored by the
    International SGML Users' Group, founded in 1984 by Joan Smith.
    Contact: Mr. Stephen G. Downie; SGML Users' Group, Secretary; c/o
    SoftQuad Inc.; 720 Spadina Avenue; Toronto, Ontario; CANADA M5S
    2T9; Tel: [phone].

Smith, Joan M.; Stutely, Robert S.  <cit>SGML: The Users' Guide to
    ISO 8879</>. Chichester/New York: Ellis Horwood/Halsted, 1988.
    [ISBN 0-7458-0221-4 (Ellis Horwood) and 0-470-21126-1 (Halsted)];
    LC CALL NO.: QA76.73.S44 S44 1988]  [Overview of the book may be
    found in the <cit>SGML Users' Group Newsletter</> 9 (August 1988)
    9.]

<cit>Standard for Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup.
    (ANSI/NISO Z39.59-1988</>.  Version 2.  EPSIG/American Association
    of Publishers, August, 1987.  [This document developed over
    several years as the "AAP Standard," it is now designated by
    EPSIG/AAP as "the Electronic Manuscript Standard" or simply as the
    "Standard."  It is SGML-conforming, and provides a suggested
    tagset for authors and publishers.  The document has been
    recommended for "fast track" ISO approval by working group 6 (TC
    46/SC 4/WG 6).]   EPSIG (Electronic Publication Special Interest
    Group) also publishes the newsletter <cit>EPSIG News</> in support
    of its manuscript standard, and generally in support of SGML.
    Contact: EPSIG;    Ms. Betsy Kiser; c/o OCLC, Mail Code 278; 6565
    Frantz Road; Dublin, OH  43017-0702; Tel: [phone]; Fax:
    [phone].]

Warmer, Jos; van Egmond, Sylvia.  "The Implementation of the
    Amsterdam SGML Parser."  <cit>Electronic Publishing: Origination,
    Dissemination and Design (EPOdd)</> 2/2 (July 1989) 3-28.  [ISSN:
    0894-3982.  Abstract: The Standard Generalized Markup Language
    (SGML) is an ISO Standard that specifies a language for document
    representation.  This paper gives a short introduction to SGML and
    describes the (Vrije Universiteit) Amsterdam SGML Parser and the
    problems we encountered in implementing the Standard.  These
    problems include the interpretation of the Standard in places
    where it is ambiguous and the technical problems in parsing SGML
    documents.]

Robin Cover
DTS - Semitics & OT
3909 Swiss Avenue
Dallas, TX    75204
[phone]/841-3657
BITNET: zrcc1001@smuvm1
INTERNET: [e-mail]
UUCP: texbell!txsil.robin